'Musisi oa California Jerry Brown
Bekeng e fetileng,'Musisi oa California Jerry Brown o saenetse Bill ea Kopano 2998 (AB 2998) ka molao, ea morao-rao letotong la melao ea California e laelang litekanyetso tsa ho cha bakeng sa thepa ea ka tlung ea upholstered.E le hore re utloisise ka botlalo bohlokoa ba mohato ona oa bohlokoa oa taolo ea bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho, a re qaleng ka ho hlahloba letoto la melao e fetileng e amanang le ts'ebetso e thibelang malakabe ho foam ea thepa ea ka tlung.
E tsoa le ea khale - TB 117
Ka 2013, TB 117 e ile ea lokisoa ho latela kutloisiso e ntseng e eketseha mabapi le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le ho pepesehela mollo o thibelang malakabe le tsela eo mello ea malapa e atisang ho qala le ho nama.Sehlopha se seholo sa liphuputso tsa mahlale se ne se bokelletse ka lilemo tse 38 ho tloha ha lefuba la 117 le fetisoa, le bontša ho pepeseha hohle le likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lintho tse thibelang malakabe ka har'a foam ea thepa ea bolulo.Liphuputso tse peli tse ka sehloohong tse amanang le TB 117 ke hore liphello tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le ho pepeseha ha mollo o sa foleng ke tsa bohlokoa,' me tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea li-flame retardants ka thepa ea bolulo ha e na thuso ho thibela le ho fokotsa ho teba ha mollo oa ntlo.2
Litokiso tse ho TB 117-2013 li bontša kutloisiso ea hore mollo oa malapa hangata o qala ha lesela le ka ntle le ka cha (mohlala, sakerete e kubellang)1 ho e-na le hore folofo ea thepa ea ka hare e ka qala mollo.Ka hona, molao o ile oa fetoloa hore o nke sebaka sa
Teko ea lelakabe le bulehileng la metsotsoana e 12 holim'a foam e ka hare e nang le teko ea mosi leselang la kantle la sekotoana.3
Ba bang ba 'nile ba nyatsa lefu la TB 117-2013, ba re le hoja e le ntlafatso, litlhoko tsa ho tuka ha thepa ea ka tlung li tlameha ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba bareki le tikoloho. thibela ho sebelisoa ha malakabe a thibelang malakabe ka har'a thepa ea bolulo e pharalletseng.5
Ho ea ka e ncha?'Musisi o saena AB 2998
California State Capitol Building
AB 2998 e sa tsoa fetisoa e fetela ka nģ'ane ho TB 117-2013 ka hore e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa ho pepesehela malapa lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang mollo ho tsoa lihlahisoa tsa bareki.Hajoale ke molao o thata ka ho fetesisa United States oa ho laola ho pepeseha ha mollo o thibelang mollo.Ha a qotsa phumano ea Naha ea California ea hore "lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang lelakabe ha li hlokehe ho fana ka polokeho ea mollo,"6 Assembly Bill 2998 e thibela ts'ebeliso e thibelang malakabe ho lihlahisoa tsa bareki ka litsela tse latelang:
-E thibela ho rekisoa le ho ajoa ha lihlahisoa tse ncha tsa bana, materase le thepa ea ka tlung e nang le lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang malakabe ka likarolo tse ka bang 1,000 ho milione
-E thibela li-upholsterers ho lokisa, ho hlaphoheloa, ho tsosolosa, kapa ho nchafatsa thepa ea ka tlung ka lisebelisoa tse ncha tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang mollo maemong a ka holimo ho 1,000 ppm.
Meeli e Mecha ea Li-Flame Retardants e na le Tšusumetso ea Naha
Haholo-holo, lena ke lekhetlo la pele molao oa California o beha meeli e phahameng ea li-additives tse thibelang malakabe bakeng sa thepa ea bolulo.AB 2998 e boetse e matlafatsa puo ea TB 117-2013, e thibelang ka ho feletseng li-additives tse thibelang lelakabe likarolong tse 18 tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa tsa bana.Ha a qotsa tokomane ea tataiso ea Khomishene ea Ts'ireletso ea Lihlahisoa tsa Bareki United States ea 2017 e khothaletsang ho emisoa ha li-organohalogen flame retardant additives lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa bareki,7 AB 2998 ke mohato o mong oa bohlokoa taolong ea li-additives tse thibelang mollo ka har'a thepa ea bolulo.
Ka AB 2998, California e thehile leano le etelletseng pele la taolo ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso e thibelang malakabe ho lihlahisoa tsa bareki mme ka hona ho pepeseha batho.Ka lebaka la hore bareki ba California ba etsa 11.1% ea United States ka thepa ea ka tlung le thekiso ea libethe,8 litlamorao tsa AB 2998 e tla ba tse kholo haholo.Leha ho le joalo, ho salang ho tla bonahala ke hore na naha eohle e tla latela mohlala oa eona.
- Litlhahiso tsa Madeleine Valier:
.Ofisi ea California ea Tokiso ea Elektronike le Lisebelisoa, Thepa ea Lehae le Thermal Insulation.Bulletin ea Botekgeniki ea 117: Leqephe le Tloaelehileng la Thepa ea Bolulo ea Bolulo.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/industry/tb_117_faq_sheet.pdf).
.Babrauskas, V., Blum, A., Daley, R., le Birnbaum, L. Flame Retardants in Furniture Foam: Melemo le Kotsi.(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper. pdf).
.Ofisi ea California ea Tokiso ea Elektroniki le Lisebelisoa, Thepa ea Lehae le
Thermal Insulation.Bulletin ea Tekheniki 117-2013.2013 Phuptjane.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/about_us/tb117_2013.pdf).
.Lekhotla la Naha la Tšireletso ea Mehloli.Lik'hemik'hale tse chefo tse sa khaotseng lelakabe li na le
Ke tlameha ho ea.2018 Mmesa 26.
(https://www.nrdc.org/experts/avinash-kar/toxic-flame-retardant-chemicals-have-gotta-go)
.Green Science Policy Institute.Taolo e ncha ea California TB117-2013:
E bolelang?2014 Hlakola 11.
(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/TB117-2013_manufacturers_ 021114.pdf).
.California General Assembly.AB-2998 Lihlahisoa tsa bareki: lisebelisoa tse thibelang lelakabe.La 29 Loetse 2018.
(https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998).
.US Consumer Product Safety Commission.Tokomane ea Tataiso mabapi le Keketso e Kotsi, Li-Non-Polymeric Organohalogen Flame Retardants ho Lihlahisoa tse itseng tsa Bareki.Ngoliso ea Federale.2017 Sept 28. 82 (187): 45268-45269.(https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-09-28/pdf/2017-20733.pdf)
.Statista.Thekiso ea thepa ea ka tlung le libethe United States ho tloha 2014 ho 2020, ka
state (ka lidolara tse limilione tsa US.) E fihletsoe ho: https://www.statista.com/statistics/512341/us-furniture-and-bedding-sales-by-state/.
Nako ea poso: Sep-03-2018