Kazembe wa California Jerry Brown
Sabata yatha,Kazembe wa California Jerry Brown adasaina Bill Assembly 2998 (AB 2998) kukhala lamulo, zaposachedwa kwambiri pamndandanda wa malamulo aku California olamula kuti pakhale miyeso yoyaka moto pamipando yokhala ndi nyumba.Kuti timvetse bwino tanthauzo la tsatanetsatane wa kayendetsedwe kazachilengedwe kameneka, tiyeni tione kaye malamulo angapo am'mbuyomo okhudzana ndi kuletsa kuyatsa moto mu thovu la mipando.
Kutuluka ndi zakale - TB 117
Mu 2013, TB 117 idasinthidwa potsatira kumvetsetsa kochulukirachulukira za zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuyatsidwa kwamoto komanso momwe moto wapakhomo umayambira ndikufalikira.Kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi adasokonekera pazaka 38 kuchokera pomwe TB 117 idaperekedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufalikira komanso kuopsa kwathanzi komwe kungachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa malawi mu thovu la mipando yanyumba.Zofukufuku ziwiri zazikulu zokhudzana ndi TB 117 ndizoti zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa moto kosalekeza ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo kufalikira kwa moto wamoto m'nyumba zogona sikuthandiza kuteteza ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa moto wa nyumba.2
Zomwe zasinthidwa mu TB 117-2013 zikuwonetsa kumvetsetsa kuti moto wapanyumba umayamba pomwe nsalu yakunja yayaka moto (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ndudu yoyaka)1 m'malo moyambitsa thovu la mkati mwa mipando.Momwemo, lamuloli linasinthidwa kuti lilowe m'malo mwa
Kuyesa kwa masekondi 12 kotseguka kwa lawi lamoto pa thovu lamkati ndi kuyesa kwautsi pa nsalu yakunja ya chidutswacho.3
Ena adadzudzula TB 117-2013, ponena kuti ngakhale kuti ndi bwino, zofunikira zoyaka moto ziyenera kuteteza thanzi la ogula ndi chilengedwe. kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa moto m'nyumba zokhalamo.5
Ndi chatsopano?Bwanamkubwa asayina AB 2998
California State Capitol Building
AB 2998 yomwe yadutsa posachedwa ipitilira TB 117-2013 chifukwa ikufuna kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwapakhomo ndi mankhwala oletsa moto kuchokera kuzinthu zogula.Pakali pano ndi lamulo lokhwima kwambiri ku United States loyang'anira kuwonekera kwa moto m'nyumba.Potchula zomwe State of California anapeza kuti "mankhwala oletsa moto safunikira kuti ateteze moto,"6 Assembly Bill 2998 imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa moto kwa ogula m'njira zotsatirazi:
-Imaletsa kugulitsa ndi kugawa zinthu zatsopano zachinyamata, matiresi, ndi mipando yakuthwa yokhala ndi mankhwala oletsa moto pamlingo pafupifupi 1,000 pa miliyoni6
-Imaletsa ma upholsterers kukonzanso, kuchira, kubwezeretsa, kapena kukonzanso mipando yokhala ndi upholstered pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolowa m'malo zomwe zili ndi mankhwala oletsa moto omwe ali pamwamba pa 1,000 ppm.
Malire Atsopano pa Flame Retardants Ali ndi Zokhudza Dziko
Makamaka, aka ndi koyamba kuti malamulo aku California akhazikitse malire pazowonjezera zoletsa moto pamipando yakunyumba.AB 2998 imalimbitsanso chilankhulo cha TB 117-2013, chomwe chimaletsa zowonjezera zoletsa moto m'magulu 18 osiyanasiyana azinthu za ana.Potchulapo chikalata chowongolera cha 2017 United States Consumer Product Safety Commission cholimbikitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera za organohalogen muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za ogula, 7 AB 2998 ndi gawo lina lofunikira pakuwongolera zowonjezera zoletsa moto pamipando yogona.
Ndi AB 2998, California yakhazikitsa malamulo otsogola kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito koletsa moto pazakudya zomwe ogula komanso kuwonekera kwa anthu.Poganizira kuti ogula aku California ali ndi 11.1% ya United States pamtundu uliwonse wa mipando ndi zogona,8 zotsatira za AB 2998 zidzakhala zofika patali.Komabe, chomwe chikuyenera kuwonedwa ndi chakuti ngati dziko lonselo litsatira.
-Madeleine Valier References:
.California Bureau of Electronic and Appliance kukonza, Zida Zapakhomo ndi Zotenthetsera Zotentha.Technical Bulletin 117: Zokhazikika Zokhazikika Pamipando Yokhalamo.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/industry/tb_117_faq_sheet.pdf).
.Babrauskas, V., Blum, A., Daley, R., ndi Birnbaum, L. Flame Retardants mu Furniture Foam: Zopindulitsa ndi Zowopsa.(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper. pdf).
.California Bureau of Electronic and Appliance kukonza, Zida Zanyumba ndi
Thermal Insulation.Bulletin yaukadaulo 117-2013.Juni 2013.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/about_us/tb117_2013.pdf).
.National Resource Defense Council.Ma Chemicals Oletsa Moto Wakupha Ali nawo
Ndiyenera Go.2018 Apr 26.
(https://www.nrdc.org/experts/avinash-kar/toxic-flame-retardant-chemicals-have-gotta-go)
.Green Science Policy Institute.Lamulo latsopano la California TB117-2013:
Zikutanthauza chiyani?2014 Feb 11.
(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/TB117-2013_manufacturers_ 021114.pdf).
.California General Assembly.AB-2998 Consumer Products: flame retardant materials.29 September 2018.
(https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998).
.US Consumer Product Safety Commission.Chikalata Chotsogolera pa Zowonjezera Zowopsa, Zosagwiritsa Ntchito Polymeric Organohalogen Flame Retardants mu Zogulitsa Zina.Federal Register.2017 Sept 28. 82 (187): 45268-45269.(https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-09-28/pdf/2017-20733.pdf)
.Statista.Kugulitsa mipando ndi zofunda ku United States kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2020, ndi
boma (mu madola mamiliyoni aku US.) Kufikira pa: https://www.statista.com/statistics/512341/us-furniture-and-bedding-sales-by-state/.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-03-2018